Why? Radio Podcast Archive

Airing since 2009, Why? Radio is a philosophical podcast hosted by Professor Jack Russell Weinstein. It aims to show that all philosophy is relevant to our day-to-day lives and that everyone is doing philosophy all the time, we just don’t know it. This collection archives all episodes from its inception to the present day.

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Data, Technology, and The Power of Privacy

Jack Russell Weinstein and Carissa Veliz

We all know that our internet privacy is being eroded, but how far down the rabbit hole have we really gone? Is it even possible to be anonymous anymore? On this episode, we discuss the many ways we are surveilled and the power privacy has. Does data control us? Is privacy an obsolete concept? These and other questions illustrate how much corporate and state access to our data has changed society. Is freedom worth sacrificing for safety and convenience? Is continued surveillance compatible at all with civil liberties? Join us as we seek answers.

Carissa Veliz is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy and the Institute for Ethics in Artificial Intelligence. She is also a Tutorial Fellow at Hertford College of Oxford University. She is the author of the recently published book, Privacy is Power: Why and How you should take back control of your data.
Why Everyone Should Join a Union

Jack Russell Weinstein and Mark Reiff

The US Congress just forced a labor agreement on rail workers, despite the fact that more than half of the rail union members didn’t want it. If they can do this, why join a union in the first place? Amazon and Starbucks workers are attempting to form Unions as well, but those companies are strongly opposed to unions, too. What are unions for, why should people join them, and given that history of the labor movement’s greatest victories–things like mandatory weekends and safety regulations–why don’t we all bend over backwards to strengthen collective bargaining? In this discussion, Why? host Jack Russell Weinstein asks his guest whether unions “corrupt” capitalism or if they are necessary components of a just society.

Mark Reiff was a lawyer before he received his Ph.D. He has since taught political, legal, and moral philosophy at the University of Manchester, the University of Durham, The Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, and the University of California at Davis. He was a Faculty Fellow at the Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University. He is also the author of five books including: In the Name of Liberty: The Argument for Universal Unionization.
What Makes a Movie Good?

Jack Russell Weinstein and Jinhee Choi

Watching movies is one of the great pleasures of life, but we all tend to pay attention to the latest Marvel blockbuster without recognizing that there is a world of cinema out there that sees itself as art, not just entertainment. Is an Avengers movie good in the same way that The Godfather or a low-budget indie film are, and are there objective standards of quality that are separate from popularity and ticket sales? Should movies from one country be thought of as distinct from movies in other countries? When does a movie begin and end, with the action or with the credits? What does it mean to look at a film philosophically, in the first place? This episode discusses these questions and more with an eye towards global cinema.

Jinhee Choi is a reader in Film Studies and the Head of the Film Studies Department at King’s College in London. She has two PhDs, one in Philosophy and one in Film Studies. She is currently working on a book about the portrayal of girls and their sensibilities horror, “chick flicks,” thrillers, and other genres in South Korean cinema.

Here are Jinhee’s lists of favorite movies per decade:

World Cinema
- 1920: Backward Bread [Kino Eye] (Vertov, 1924)
- 1930: The Gay Divorcee (Astaire/Rogers musical, RKO, 1934)
- 1940: LateSpring(Ozu,1949)
- 1950: (2 films in the 1960s instead)
- 1960: The Eclipse (Antonioni, 1962), 15/67 TV (Kren, 1967)
- 1970: Jeanne Dielman (Akerman, 1975)
- 1980: The Time to Live and The Time to Die (Hou,1985)
- 1990: Days of Being Wild (Wong, 1990)
- 2000: The Royal Tenenbaums (Anderson, 2001)
- 2010: The Chambermaid (Aviles, 2018)
Post-War Korean Cinema
- 1950: A Female Boss (Han Hyeong-mo, 1959)
- 1960: The Devil’s Stairway (Lee Man-hui, 1964) / A Day Off (Lee Man-hui, 1968)
- 1970: Night Voyage (Kim Soo-yong, 1977)
- 1980: Gagman (Lee Myeong-se, 1989)
- 1990: Whispering Corridor 2: Memento Mori (Min + Kim, 1999)
- 2000: Memories of Murder (Bong Joon-ho, 2003)/A Bittersweet Life (Kim Jee-woon, 2005)
- 2010: Maggie (Lee Okseop, 2018)
- 2020: Tiny Light (Cho Min-je, 2020)
Philosophical Concerns about Todays Supreme Court

Jack Russell Weinstein and Andrew Seidel

As the New Supreme Court term gets underway, everyone is wondering just how far to the right they will shift. Many commentators claim the majority of justices no longer appear to be fair-minded, that they seem to be speaking for others and reinterpreting laws ideologically while ignoring precedent. Is this true and if it is, who are the voices behind the justices? Is there a justification for ignoring settled law and are justices just political operatives with lifelong appointments? On this episode we ask how the Supreme Court should make its decisions and compare this with what they are actually doing. We look specifically at the role of religion in judicial deliberation and ask if American diversity is really at stake.

And now our guest. Andrew L. Seidel is Vice President of Strategic Communications for Americans United for the Separation of Church and State, a practicing attorney, and the author of two books: The Founding Myth: Why Christian Nationalism Is Un-American and the newly released American Crusade: How the Supreme Court is Weaponizing Religious Freedom. He appeared on Why? Radio less than a year ago to discuss the separation of church and state, but the Supreme Court has dominated the news so much, that we needed him back right away to finish that conversation.
What Does it Mean to be African?

Jack Russell Weinstein and Firoze Manji

Africa has always been regarded two-dimensionally by Europe and the U.S. It’s been called “the dark continent” falsely described as primitive, consisting only of small villages without technology. It’s people are said to be unable to care from themselves, portrayed only as the recipients of charity. Its countries are always called “developing.” It’s time to get past all of this. On this episode of Why? we explore Africa’s philosophy of liberation and ask whether there is a pan-African perspective. We move past the geography lessons and try to figure out how Africa and Africans can create their own unique identities while, at the same time, resisting the legacy of colonialism.

Firoze Manji is a Kenyan activist with more than 40 years of experience in international development, health, human rights and political organizing. He has published widely on these topics and on politics. He is the recipient of the 2021 Nicolás Batista Lifetime Achievement Award from the Caribbean Philosophical Association. He is Adjunct Professor at the Institute for African Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, and a member of the international advisory board of the journal Philosophy and Global Affairs. He is the publisher of Daraja Press.
What are Community Colleges For?

Jack Russell Weinstein and Brian Huschle

Community colleges don’t seem to get the respect they deserve. They’re perceived as second-rate institutions or places for people who need extra help. Is this true? Is this fair? Are they fundamentally different than four-year colleges and universities? Can we judge them the same way or are they incomparable? On this episode of Why? we look at the important role of two-year schools and the essential place they hold in their communities.

Brian Huschle is Vice President for Academic and Student Affairs at Northland Technical College, which has two campuses in East Grand Forks and Thief River Falls, Minnesota. He received his Ph.D. in philosophy at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, and spent nineteen years in the classroom before moving into administration.
How To Think Like a Hindu

Jack Russell Weinstein and Swami Sarvapriyananda

On this episode, we interview a Hindu monk. We explore the methods and thought processes of Hinduism, and try to enter into the perspective of what may be the oldest religion in the world. In the process, we examine the purpose and nature of religion, the self, enlightenment, and the meaning of rebirth and reincarnation.

Swami Sarvapriyananda is the Minister and spiritual leader of the Vedanta Society of New York. He was a Nagral Fellow at the Harvard Divinity School, Assistant Minister in the Vedanta Society of Southern California’s Hollywood Temple, and an acharya (teacher) at the Monastic Probationers’ Training Center at Belur Math, India.
Ask Me Anything

Jack Russell Weinstein and Ashley Thornberg

On this month’s episode we do something different: Jack Russell Weinstein does an “Ask Me Anything”! Why? Radio solicited questions from listeners, students, internet followers, and even the Prairie Public staff to explore philosophy on their terms. From contemporary politics to questions about religion, hot dogs, and even Star Wars, no question is off the table. What results is a funny, quirky, surprising, and challenging series of seemingly-random questions that illustrate the philosophical method, and the pleasure of exploring the philosophy of our day-to-day lives.

This episode is co-hosted by Ashley Thornberg, host of Prairie Public’s Main Street and co-host with Jack Russell Weinstein of Philosophical Currents, a monthly look at the philosophy behind current-events. Ashley is a journalist, radio engineer, radio producer, and yoga instructor.
What is a model minority?

Jack Russell Weinstein and Emily S. Lee

American politics tells us that being a member of an ethnic minority means being poor, marginalized, and less successful than those in the majority, except for one caveat. Model-minority members are ultra-successful, role models for others, and most of the time, Asian-American. Their members are presumed to have mastered the skills to pull themselves up by their own bootstraps. Is all of this accurate? Is being held out as special really a compliment? Or, does treating success as a foregone conclusion only punish individual and make their failure seem even worse?

Emily S. Lee is Professor and Chair in the Philosophy Department of California State University, Fullerton. She is the author of numerous articles, and editor of two volumes, specializing in philosophy of race, phenomenology, and feminism.
On the separation of church and state

Jack Russell Weinstein and Andrew Seidel

The first amendment guarantees that one religion is not privileged over another, so why does it feel like personal beliefs dominate the public sphere? Private conviction is supposed to guide our moral lives, so why is the Supreme Court poised to overturn Roe v. Wade? On this episode of Why? Radio we ask about these issues and more. We explore the nature and limits of the US constitution and examine the democratic justification for toleration. Ultimately, we come face to face with one of the great questions of the moment: is the first amendment obsolete?

Andrew L. Seidel is a constitutional attorney and the Director of Strategic Response at the Freedom From Religion Foundation. He is the author of two books, The Founding Myth: Why Christian Nationalism Is Un-American and American Crusade: How the Supreme Court is Weaponizing Religious Freedom, which will be published in 2022.
How do philosophers talk about sex, love, and desire?

Jack Russell Weinstein and Sarah Lachance

Discussing sex can be quite difficult, even embarrassing, but philosophers have been doing it for thousands of years. We love questioning how culture and biology combine to establish what’s normal, and examining the various justifications for transgression. Now, with mainstream acknowledgment of pornography, marginalized sexual identities and orientations, and newfound openness to kinky play, it’s time for philosophy to take another look at what sex means in our lives. With all of these in mind, this episode explored the meaning behind sex, reconsider the questions that are worth asking, and even addresses the issues teachers face when they discuss sexuality with their classes.

Sarah LaChance Adams is the Florida Blue Distinguished Professor and Director of the Florida Blue Center for Ethics at the University of North Florida. She is an Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, the author of the book Mad Mothers, Bad Mothers, and What a Good Mother Would Do and co-editor of three anthologies including New Philosophies of Sex and Love: Thinking through Desire.
What is machine learning and why is it important to philosophy?

Jack Russell Weinstein and Emily Sullivan

We rely on computers for everything from games, to avoiding traffic, to curing disease. This is sped up by machine-learning: the process by which computers adjust their programming without human input. But providing conclusions isn’t the same as explaining them, and offering answers isn’t a substitute for teaching. What more do we need from machine learning and how does our relationship with computers mirror the difficulties we have in understanding one another?

Emily Sullivan is an Assistant Professor of philosophy and Irène Curie Fellow at both the Eindhoven University of Technology and the Eindhoven Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute, in The Netherlands. She is also a fellow in the Ethics of Socially Disruptive Technologies Research Program consortium, as well as an Associate Editor for the European Journal for the Philosophy of Science.
The argument for peace and non-violence

Jack Russell Weinstein and Kathy Kelly

Elvis Costello famously asked, “what’s so funny about peace, love and understanding?” It’s a really good question. The idea of peace is all-too-frequently dismissed as superficial and utopian. It’s perceived as a hippie pipe-dream and a waste of resources. Most schools never teach peace as its own subject and it’s very difficult to get politicians to take the idea seriously. On this episode, we explore the idea of peace, and ask about its relationship to activism and current political controversies.

Kathy Kelly is a peace activist, pacifist, and author. She is a founding member of Voices in the Wilderness, and was a co-coordinator of Voices for Creative Nonviolence. She has traveled to war-torn Iraq, Afghanistan, and regularly publishes on issues of social justice. She has been arrested over sixty times for taking a stand in the name of peace.
Why do conspiracy theories work?

Jack Russell Weinstein and Quassim Cassam

We are living in a time of conspiracy theories that fuel a divisive and increasingly violent politics, even when they’re obviously untrue. They are spouted by our representatives; they’re believed by our neighbors. How do conspiracy theories ensnare people so effectively and why are believers so reluctant to change their minds? Can we assume that the truth will win out, or is there something else going on, something beyond logic and reason?

Quassim Cassam is a Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Warwick, in England. He has written six books on a range of subjects, including 2019’s aptly titled Conspiracy Theories. His upcoming book Extremism: A Philosophical Analysis is available as a pre-order now.

More information on the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, the antisemitic book that purports (falsely) to recount a secret meeting of Jewish world leaders can be found on Wikipedia (click here).

The book Quassim mentioned Warrant for Genicide by Norman Cohn is out of print.
The politics of crisis: how police reform, covid-19, and climate change are all related

Jack Russell Weinstein and Olúfẹ́mi Táíwò

We are not living in a calm time. Coronavirus, police violence and protest, and climate change: they all seem as if it’s they’re coming from different directions, but are they? Might there be a common thread that unifies all of our current crises and is there a way of understanding them that helps us change things for the better? In this episode, we explore the nature of radical ideas and consider what changes can be made to cultivate justice, and improve everyone’s quality of life before crises happen.

Olúfẹ́mi Táíwò is an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Georgetown University. He publishes both scholarly and public research on current controversies, with special emphasis on power, race, radical thought, and social change. His new book Reconsidering Reparations will be published in November.

Two of the articles we discuss in this episode are:

“Cops, Climate, Covid: Why There is Only One Crisis” in The Appeal (June 16, 2020): click here.

“Who Gets to Feel Secure?” in Aeon (October 20, 2020): click here.
A philosophy of consulting

Jack Russell Weinstein and Bob Colleran

It seems like every business in the world uses consultants, but what do they really do and what makes one consultant better than another? Are there overarching ethical standards that guide the industry or is the ultimate motivation profit? On this episode of Why? Radio we ask what makes a good consultant. We come face-to-face with the inherent conflict of interest in the industry, and examine the pros and cons of business education.

Bob Colleran is founder and CEO of Alithi Management Consulting. He has an MBA and a M.A. in International Studies. Bob specializes in developing strategy and executing tactics across a wide range of industries, including global philanthropies, media & entertainment, high-tech, consumer products, retail, telecommunications, government and financial institutions.
A philosophy of motherhood

Jack Russell Weinstein and Danielle Lasusa

Motherhood. It seems both complicated and simple. The most natural thing in the world, but also the biggest responsibility one can imagine. The history of philosophy has largely ignored motherhood, so where does one start, and what does it look like under a philosophical lens? Can a philosopher help coach and guide mothers in their journeys? Can they work together to find meaning and commonality in the more difficult aspects of parenting?

Danielle LaSusa calls herself a ‘practical philosopher.” She has been a teacher and philosophical coach for thirteen years, has a Ph.D. in philosophy, and is certified in philosophical counseling form the American Philosophical Practitioners Association. She hosts workshops and teaches courses on a range of issues, but specializes in discussion about motherhood.

Find out more about her work and see how to schedule time with Danielle at https://www.daniellemlasusa.com/

Read her opinion piece in The New York Times, “Death Was a Theory, Until I Became a Mother,” here.

Three podcasts were mentioned in the episode. The episode of Why? Radio, “Plato Not Prozac: What is Philosophical Counseling with guest Lou Marinoff,” is here.
Our other discussion of motherhood, in the context of raising a special-needs child, “Justice, Caring, and the Mentally Disabled with guest Eva Kittay,” is here.

Danielle and Jack’s discussion about doing philosophy with the general public can be heard via this video:
Is the law consistent?

Jack Russell Weinstein and Andrew Torrez

It seems like Congress can do something one day, but not the same thing the day after. It often feels like the law is only about loopholes rather than a tool for everyday people. Are we wrong to think these things? Are we mistaken when we view legislation as a willy-nilly collection of self-interested victories from politicians with no true vision of justice? On this episode of Why?, we ask these questions and more, exploring the philosophy of law and it’s overlap will real-world legal decisions.

P. Andrew Torrez is a founding partner at the Law Offices of P. Andrew Torrez LLC., which focuses on business law. He is the host of the popular podcast Opening Arguments during which he explores the legal background of our contemporary political controversies, and the newer podcast Clean-up on Aisle 45, which reports on the Current Department of Justice’s attempt to roll-back actions made by the Trump administration.

The book Jack referenced during the discussion about the history of gun rights is The Second Amendment: A Biography, by Michael Waldman. You can find it on Amazon here. The interview with Jack on Fox News radio that inspired a backlash because of the meaning of protected classes is here.
A philosophical look at ska and jamaican music

Jack Russell Weinstein and Heather Augustyn

Jamaica is the home of a great musical tradition. Most people know about reggae, but before that, there was dancehall, rocksteady, and our host’s personal favorite, ska. It’s a rich and diverse dance music that mixes Caribbean sounds with jazz, R&B, and punk rock, to explore politics, history, and the legacy of slavery. Join Why? Radio and our guest Heather Augstyn as we explore how this little-known genre spread around the world, racking up hit, after hit, after hit.

Heather Augutyn is an author, photographer, and a continuing lecturer at Purdue University, Northwest. She’s written seven books on Jamaican music, including Ska: An Oral History, Ska The Music of Liberation, and Women in Jamaican Music, was just released this past May. She maintains a blog at Skabook.com
How important is the brain to the great philosophical questions?

Jack Russell Weinstein and Patricia Churchland

Are the brain and mind really different things? If not, is there free will? Where does conscience come from? Is altruism a myth? These are question in neurophilosophy, research that uses the modern science of the brain to explore philosophical dilemmas. Join host Jack Russell Weinstein and his guest Patrician Churchland, the founder of nuerophilosophy, as they explore the boundaries between philosophy and cognitive science.

Patricia Churchland is University of California President’s Professor of Philosophy Emerita at the University of California, San Diego, where she has taught since 1984. She is the author of six books, including most recently, Conscience: The Origins of Moral Intuition.
How does propaganda work?

Jack Russell Weinstein and Jason Stanley

There is a fine line between political speech and propaganda, but where do we draw it, and are we always wrong to propagandize? Is there a natural division between spin and lies, and when is it acceptable to appeal to political emotions? On this episode, we cap off a tumultuous election by exploring the nature and morality of political speech, and ask how far is too far.

Jason Stanley is the Jacob Urowsky Prof of Philosophy at Yale University. He is the author numerous books, including How Propaganda Works, published in 2015. Most recently, he published How Fascism Works: The Politics of Us and Them.
Can there be a philosophy of hate?

Jack Russell Weinstein and Berit Brogaard

Hate groups, hate mongers, hate crimes. Self-hatred. Being stuck between love and hate. No emotion inspires as visceral a reaction as hatred. It is, after all, a plague on society that divides people and stokes violence. But does it have to be? Is hate irredeemable? Could it not serve important moral and social purposes if we only knew more about it? Listen to this episode to find out, and to see how hate relates to our other emotions and even our some of our mental disorders.

Berit “Brit” Brogaard is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Brogaard Lab at the University of Miami. Her areas of research include philosophy of perception, philosophy of emotions, and philosophy of language. She is the author of numerous books including, Transient Truths, On Romantic Love, The Superhuman Mind, Seeing & Saying, and the forthcoming Hatred: Understanding Our Most Dangerous Emotions.
Is free speech worth it?

Jack Russell Weinstein and Thane Rosenbaum

Free speech is probably the most valued and cited right in the U.S. Constitution, yet it faces a tremendous backlash from the younger generation. The Supreme Court has expanded free speech to include almost all forms of expression just as the internet makes it virtually impossible to distinguish truth from lies. And, as we face powerful protests from Black Lives Matter, white supremacists, and people who oppose wearing masks in public, we’re forced to ask, if one of these groups has the freedom to express themselves, must they all?

Thane Rosenbaum is an essayist, law professor, and author of numerous books and novels. He is a Distinguished University Professor at Touro College where he directs the Forum on Life, Culture & Society; and the moderator of an annual series of discussions on culture, world events, and politics at the 92nd Street Y in New York City. Hist most recent book Saving Free Speech…From Itself was just released in March.

This is Thane’s second visit to Why? Radio. You can listen to his first, “The Moral Argument for Revenge,” by clicking here.

The story about Jack’s family and the swastika mentioned after the break has been documented along with other hate crimes, in his comments to the North Dakota Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. You can read his testimony at PQED.org, by clicking here.
Why does income equality make society stronger?

Jack Russell Weinstein, Richard Wilkinson, and Kate Picket

Income inequality is bad for the poor, sure. But did you know that it’s also bad for the well-off? Did you also know that unequal societies have less trust, more violence, and more illness than egalitarian ones? In fact, it turns out that more equal societies are stronger, healthier, and happier across the board. Although inequality affects the poor most, even the better-off benefit from greater equality. On this episode, we explore why this is and look at the global data that explains it.

Richard Wilkinson is professor Emeritus at the University of Nottingham Medical school in England, and has spent more than four decades researching health inequalities, and their impact on people and society. Kate Pickett is a professor of epidemiology at the University of York. She was a career scientist at the National Institute for Health Research. Together they founded of the UK-based charity The Equality Trust and are co-authors of The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger and the newly released The Inner Level: How More Equal Societies Reduce Stress, Restore Sanity and Improve Everyone’s Well-Being.
What’s the difference between a religion and a cult

Jack Russell Weinstein and Susan Palmer

We throw the words ‘religion’ and ‘cult’ around, like we know what they mean, but do we? Sure, Judaism and Buddhism are religions, but why not the Branch Davidians or Scientology? And, why should we trust the charismatic pastor of a mega-church, but not the quirky but powerful spokesman who is selling his faith on a street corner? Why do new religions make us so uncomfortable? These are important questions, not just because they help us understand the human experience, but because we use them to approve or condemn others’ choices.

Susan J. Palmer is a researcher, sociologist and writer in the area of new religious movements. She is a member of the Religious Studies Faculty at McGill University, and an Affiliate Professor and Part-time Instructor at Concordia University. She is the author of numerous books, most recently Storming Zion: Government Raids on Religions with co-author Stuart Wright.