William Langer graduated from UND in 1906 and had a long career in politics. He was North Dakota Attorney General from 1917 until 1920 and served twice as Governor: from 1933 to 1934 and from 1937 until 1939. Elected to the United States Senate in 1941, he served until his death in 1959.
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Letter from Pastor T. W. Strieter to Senator Langer Forwarding a 3rd Set of Documents Regarding Martin Sandberger, May 17, 1949
T. W. Strieter
Letter dated May 17, 1949 from T. W. Strieter to Senator William Langer stating his hopes that Langer can influence the Supreme Court on behalf of convicted Nazi war criminal Martin Sandberger's death sentence. Strieter includes a letter and more documents from Martin Sandberger's father, and notes that Langer and his office have not yet replied to his previous letters, but that he is confident that Langer will give the Sandberger case the proper attention.
The letter mentioned as being enclosed was not found with this letter in Langer's papers.
See also:
Letter from Pastor T. W. Strieter to Senator Langer Forwarding 11 Affidavits Regarding Martin Sandberger and Requesting Langer's reply, April 21, 1949
Letter from Pastor T. W. Strieter to Senator Langer Forwarding Affidavit from Martin Sandberger's Father, May 20, 1949
Affidavits Regarding Martin Sandberger, 1948-1949
Einsatzgruppen Case: Opening Statement for Defense - Dr. Mandry for Martin Sandberger, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Direct Examination of Martin Sandberger, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Redirect Examination (Defense) of Martin Sandberger, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Presentation of Evidence (Von Stein for Sandberger), International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Closing Argument (Summation) (Von Stein for Sandberger), International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Judgement (and official opinion), International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Individual Judgements, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Sentencing, International Military Tribunal
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Letter from Pastor T. W. Strieter to Senator Langer Forwarding Additional Affidavits Regarding Martin Sandberger, May 24, 1949
T. W. Strieter
In this letter, dated May 24, 1949, from the Reverend T. W Strieter of Our Savior Lutheran Church in Chicago to United States Senator William Langer, Strieter writes that his is enclosing additional affidavits in defense of convicted Nazi war criminal Martin Sandberger, who, Strieter notes, was sentenced to death by hanging on April 10, 1948, and whose sentence was confirmed by General Clay on March 4, 1949. Strieter adds that he is "fully convinced that we should be very careful not to get innocent blood on our national conscience."
The documents mentioned as being enclosed with this letter were not found with it in Langer's papers.
See also:
Letter from Pastor T. W. Strieter to Senator Langer Forwarding Affidavit from Martin Sandberger's Father, May 20, 1949
Letter from Senator Langer to Lt. Gen. Clarence Huebner Conveying Affidavits Attesting to the Innocence of Martin Sandberger, May 25, 1949
Affidavits Regarding Martin Sandberger, 1948-1949
Einsatzgruppen Case: Opening Statement for Defense - Dr. Mandry for Martin Sandberger, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Direct Examination of Martin Sandberger, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Redirect Examination (Defense) of Martin Sandberger, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Presentation of Evidence (Von Stein for Sandberger), International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Closing Argument (Summation) (Von Stein for Sandberger), International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Judgement (and official opinion), International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Individual Judgements, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Sentencing, International Military Tribunal
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Letter from Pastor T. W. Strieter to Senator Langer Forwarding Affidavit from Martin Sandberger's Father, May 20, 1949
T. W. Strieter
In this letter, dated May 20th, 1949, from the Reverend T. W. Strieter of Our Savior Lutheran Church of Chicago to United States Senator William Langer, Strieter refers to an enclosed affidavit written by the former Chief of State of Estonia, which Strieter received from Karl V. Sandberger, father of convicted Nazi war criminal Martin Sandberger.
Strieter writes that the affidavit attests to Martin Sandberger's innocence "as regards the massacre of Jews in Estonia," and urges Langer to use the affidavit in his efforts to seek justice for the condemned Martin Sandberger.
The affidavit mentioned as being enclosed was not found with this letter in Langer's papers.
See also:
Letter from Pastor T. W. Strieter to Senator Langer Forwarding a 3rd Set of Documents Regarding Martin Sandberger, May 17, 1949
Letter from Pastor T. W. Strieter to Senator Langer Forwarding Additional Affidavits Regarding Martin Sandberger, May 24, 1949
Affidavits Regarding Martin Sandberger, 1948-1949
Einsatzgruppen Case: Opening Statement for Defense - Dr. Mandry for Martin Sandberger, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Direct Examination of Martin Sandberger, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Redirect Examination (Defense) of Martin Sandberger, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Presentation of Evidence (Von Stein for Sandberger), International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Closing Argument (Summation) (Von Stein for Sandberger), International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Judgement (and official opinion), International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Individual Judgements, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Sentencing, International Military Tribunal
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Letter from Pastor T. W. Strieter to Senator Langer Regarding Martin Sandberger, March 19, 1949
T. W. Strieter
In this letter, dated March 19, 1949, from the Reverend T. W. Strieter, pastor of Our Savior Lutheran Church in Chicago and, during WWII, director of the Lutheran Commission for Prisoners of War, to United States Senator William Langer, Strieter mentions reading an article in the Chicago Tribune about Langer's efforts and success "In behalf of the many sentenced to be executed in Germany." Strieter writes that he is enclosing documents that indicate that convicted Nazi war criminal Martin Sandberger did not get a fair trial, and asks for Langer's help in getting the Sandberger's execution stayed.
The documents mentioned as being enclosed were not found with this letter in Langer's papers.
See also:
Letter from Pastor T. W. Strieter to Senator Langer Regarding Martin Sandberger, April 5, 1949
Affidavits Regarding Martin Sandberger, 1948-1949
Einsatzgruppen Case: Opening Statement for Defense - Dr. Mandry for Martin Sandberger, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Direct Examination of Martin Sandberger, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Redirect Examination (Defense) of Martin Sandberger, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Presentation of Evidence (Von Stein for Sandberger), International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Closing Argument (Summation) (Von Stein for Sandberger), International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Judgement (and official opinion), International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Individual Judgements, International Military Tribunal
Einsatzgruppen Case: Sentencing, International Military Tribunal
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Telegram from Swimming Eel to Senator Langer Asking Langer to Procure a Hearing for Martin Cross while Cross is in Washington for April 29 Hearing, April 24, 1949
Swimming Eel
This telegram dated April 24, 1949, from Chief Swimming Eel to United States (US) Senator Langer, asks Langer to set up a hearing for Martin Cross regarding US Joint House Resolution 33. Swimming Eel further asks Langer to protect the real estate interests of the Fort Berthold Three Affiliated Tribes. There are some handwritten annotations at the top of the telegram.
See also:
Telegram from Senator Langer to Swimming Eel Indicating that Martin Cross Has Arrived in Washington, D.C., April 26, 1949
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Telegram from Ira Waters to Senator Langer Asking if Martin Cross has Arrived as He is Their Delegate, April 22, 1949
Ira Waters
This telegram dated April 22, 1949, from Three Affiliated Tribes member Ira Waters to United States (US) Senator William Langer, asks if Martin Cross has arrived in Washington D.C. yet as he is "our delegate." This is likely a reference to a trip Cross made to Washington, D.C. for a hearing on US House Joint Resolution 33 (H.J. 33) on April 29, 1949.
The telegram contains some shorthand notes.
H.J. 33 became Public Law 81-437 or "An Act to Vest Title to Certain Lands of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota, in the United States, and to provide Compensation Therefor," better known as "The Taking Act."
See also:
Telegram from Senator Langer to Ira Waters Indicating that Langer Has Not Seen Martin Cross Yet, April 23, 1949
Letter from Ira Waters, Fred Lone Bear, and George Parshall to Senator Langer Regarding Conflict Surrounding Delegates Sent by Tribal Council for Senate Joint Resolution 33 Hearing, April 25, 1949
An Act to Vest Title to Certain Lands of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota, in the United States, and to provide Compensation Therefor
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Letter from Ira Waters, Fred Lone Bear, and George Parshal to Senator Langer Regarding Conflict Surrounding Delegates Sent by Tribal Council for Senate Joint Resolution 33 Hearing, April 25, 1949
Ira Waters, Fred Lone Bear, and George Parshal
This letter dated April 25, 1949 from Three Affiliated Tribes members Ira Waters, Fred Lone Bear, and George Parshal to United States (US) Senator William Langer informs Langer about a conflict surrounding the selection of delegates from the Fort Berthold Reservation to appear in Washington, D.C. for the hearing on US House Joint Resolution 33 (H.J. 33). The letter reports that the Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Council nominated delegates without the consent of the whole tribe and that those delegates were citizens who did not have the right to appear at the hearing. The letter speaks for "we, the people of the whole reservation" and indicates that they sent Martin Cross as their delegate. The letter says that Cross will attend the hearing for H.J. 33. This letter contains some handwritten annotations and markings.
H.J. 33 became Public Law 81-437 or "An Act to Vest Title to Certain Lands of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota, in the United States, and to provide Compensation Therefor" better known as "The Taking Act."
See also:
Telegram from Ira Waters to Senator Langer Asking if Martin Cross has Arrived as He is Their Delegate, April 22, 1949
Letter from Senator Langer to Ira Waters Regarding the Delegates Appointed by the Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Council, May 5, 1949.
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"A Tentative Proposal for the Rehabilitation of the Fort Berthold Indians," February 4, 1949
Burton Wilcox
This proposal, undated in regard to its composition, but dated as received by the United States (US) Bureau of Indian Affairs on February 4, 1949, and written by Burton Wilcox, president of the Public Welfare Board of North Dakota, lays out the general features of a plan to promote the operation of family farms among the residents of the Fort Berthold Reservation who will be displaced from their homes by the rising waters of the Garrison Dam reservoir. Wilcox names the public entities that would be involved and what their roles would be, and gives his views on what levels of government would be responsible for funding the plan.
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Letter from Burton Wilcox to Senator Langer Regarding Relocation, January 14, 1949
Burton Wilcox
This letter dated January 14, 1949, from Burton Wilcox to United States Senator William Langer, Wilcox states that he has enclosed a proposal regarding the relocation of tribal members of The Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation. He states that the plan to meant for discussion purposes to aid the Fort Berthold residents and that Langer may use the plan as he sees fit. The plan itself is not included in this document.
See also:
Letter from Senator Langer to Burton Wilcox Regarding Relocation, February 3, 1949
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Letter from William Zimmerman to Senator Langer Regarding Wilcox Relocation Plan, February 15, 1949
William Zimmerman
This letter dated February 15, 1949, from William Zimmerman to United States (US) Senator William Langer, Zimmerman lists organizations currently working on similar plans, including the Missouri River Basin Investigations Staff of the Indian Service, the Indian Service, and US Congress. This letter is in regards to Burton Wilcox's plan for the relocation of The Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation tribal members. He also notes that US HJ Res 33 is related to these goals. He concludes by writing that Wilcox's proposal is thoughtful and that he should forward it to Allan G. Harper, the Assistant Regional Director of the Indian Service.
The document has a handwritten note at the top that reads "Indians."
See also:
Letter from Senator Langer to William Zimmerman Regarding Wilcox Relocation Plan, February 3, 1949
Letter from Senator Langer to Burton Wilcox Regarding Relocation, March 17, 1949
An Act to Vest Title to Certain Lands of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota, in the United States, and to Provide Compensation Therefor
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Telegram from John Badbrave et al. to Senator Langer Regarding Unauthorized Delegates, December 3, 1948
John Badbrave
This telegram dated December 3, 1948, from Three Affiliated Tribes members John Badbrave, Martin Croy, John Wilkinson, Phillip Atkins, Martin Fox, Charles Burr, George Parshall and Phillip Snow to United States (US) William Langer, advises Langer that the delegates in Washington now are not authorized by a tribal council quorum nor the Indian people of Fort Berthold. The telegram states that any actions taken by these delegates in Washington are therefore unofficial and asks Langer to acknowledge the receipt of this correspondence.
See also:
Letter from Senator Langer to John Badbrave et al. Regarding Unauthorized Delegates, December 16, 1948
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Letter from Evan Baker to Senator Langer Regarding the Selling of Fort Berthold Reservation Land, March 31, 1948
Evan Baker
This letter dated August 31, 1948, from Evan Baker to United States (US) Senator William Langer, informs Langer that Baker is “an Indian of the Fort Berthold Reservation” and would like to sell 160 acres of his land. Baker writes that his home isn’t suitable for his large family and would like to build a better home and buy cattle with the money from the sale of the land. adding that the land he plans to sell will be isolated from him by the Garrison Dam, so he might as well get something out of it while he can.
Baker writes that he has found a buyer for the land but the Indian Office will not help him. He adds that he has been rejected for loans on three different occasions.
See also:
Letter from Senator Langer to Evan Baker Expressing Delight in Helping to Sell Fort Berthold Reservation Land, April 16, 1948
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Letter from H.W. Case to Senator Langer Regarding the Acquisition of Churches on Reservation Land for the Garrison Dam, July 25, 1948
H.W. Case
This letter dated July 25, 1948, from H.W. Case to United State Senator William Langer, points out “there are several Indian Churches on the Reservation.” Chase inquires if “the Indian” will be able to retain church buildings and requests a pamphlet that outlines the procedures.
See also:
Letter from Senator Langer to H.W. Case Regarding Procedures for Moving Church Buildings Due to the Garrison Dam, July 31, 1948
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Letter from Martin Cross to Arthur Watkins Regarding US Senate Joint Resolution 224, June 9, 1948
Martin Cross
This letter dated June 9, 1948, from Three Affiliated Tribes member Martin Cross to Chairperson of the United States (US) Subcommittee on Indian Affairs Arthur Watkins, extends gratitude to Watkins for his stance on US Senate Joint Resolution 224 (S.J. 224). Cross indicates that he believes that other senators and representatives, including William Langer, are in agreement with Watkins.
See also:
Letter from Martin Cross to Milton Young Regarding US Senate Joint Resolution 224, June 9, 1948
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Letter from Martin Cross to Milton Young Regarding US Senate Joint Resolution 224, June 9, 1948
Martin Cross
This letter dated June 9, 1948, from Three Affiliated Tribes member Martin Cross to United States (US) Senator from North Dakota Milton R. Young, thanks Young for his part in the rejection of US Senate Joint Resolution 224 (S.J. 224) of which the committee recommended a rewrite.
A handwritten note on the letter says, "Cross, Martin."
See also:
Letter from Martin Cross to Arthur Watkins Regarding US Senate Joint Resolution 224, June 9, 1948
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Letter from Martin Cross to Senator Langer Enclosing a Resolution Passed by the Claims Legislative Council Regarding the Garrison Dam Contract, April 19, 1948
Martin Cross
This letter dated April 19, 1948, from Three Affiliated Tribes Claims Legislative Council Chairperson Martin Cross to United States Senator Langer, asks Langer to review the enclosed resolution passed by the council. The letter and resolution pertain to the Garrison Dam project. The letter states that the Garrison Dam project has moved forward ignoring Indian Laws, rights, and due process. The letter is marked as urgent as the deadline for the Three Affiliated Tribes to accept or reject the proposed Garrison Dam contract is set for June 1, 1948. The resolution is enclosed with this document.
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Letter from Martin Cross to Senator Langer Regarding Per Capita Payments, February 22, 1948
Martin Cross
This handwritten letter dated February 22, 1948, from Three Affiliated Tribes member Martin Cross to United States (US) Senator William Langer, encloses two statements sent to US Senator Arthur Watkins and US Representative Wesley D'Ewart regarding support for US Senate Bill 797 (S. 797). Cross claims that these statements reflect the wishes of the members of the Three Affiliated Tribes of Fort Berthold. Cross's letter also mentions US Senate Bill 1133 (S. 1133) and per capita payments. Cross invites Langer to join them in Elbowoods for their 4th of July celebration. Copies of the statements sent to Watkins and D'Ewart are included with this document.
See also:
Letter from Senator Langer to Martin Cross Regarding Cross's Recent Visit to Washington, D.C. and Cross's Testimony, February 10, 1948
Letter from Senator Langer to Martin Cross Regarding US Senate Bill 1133, February 25, 1948
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Letter from Martin Cross to Senator Langer Regarding Petition to Wesley D'Ewart and Senate Bill 797, February 5, 1948
Martin Cross
This handwritten letter dated February 5, 1948, from Three Affiliated Tribes member Martin Cross to United States (US) Senator William Langer, thanks Langer for forwarding the petition from the Three Affiliated Tribes to US Representative from Montana Wesley A. D'Ewart. Cross requests that Langer send a copy of the transcript of testimony given before the sub-committee of Public Lands on July 20, 1948 regarding US Senate Bill 797.
See also:
Letter from Senator Langer to Martin Cross Regarding a Petition Addressed to Congressman Wesley A. D'Ewart, January 31, 1948
Letter from Senator Langer to Martin Cross Regarding Cross's Recent Visit to Washington, D.C. and Cross's Testimony, February 10, 1948
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Letter from Martin Cross to Senator Langer Regarding Tribal Council in Washington Working on Garrison Dam Contract, December 8, 1948
Martin Cross
This handwritten letter dated December 8, 1948, from Three Affiliated Tribes member Martin Cross to United States Senator William Langer, addresses the Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Council's presence in Washington D.C. to work on the Garrison Dam contract. Cross writes that Tribal Chairperson Carl Whitrman Jr. had publicly shared a plan to get tribal attorney Ralph H. Case to the reservation to work on the contract and that Cross and others are disappointed to find that the council is instead working on the contract in Washington D.C..
See also:
Letter from Senator Langer to Martin Cross Regarding Recent Decisions of the Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Council, December 13, 1948
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Letter from Martin Cross to Senator Langer Regarding US Senate Bill 797, January 6, 1948
Martin Cross
This handwritten letter dated January 6, 1948, from Three Affiliated Tribes member Martin Cross to United States (US) Senator William Langer, informs Langer that Cross has been designated as a delegate to represent the Three Affiliated Tribes in support of US Senate Bill 797 (S. 797). Cross indicates that he will be in Washington, D.C. January 12-16 and would like to appear before the US Senate Public Lands Committee during his visit.
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Letter from R.J. Doebler to Senator Langer Regarding Medical Care for Indians of the Fort Berthold and Turtle Mountain Reservations, February 19, 1948
R.J. Doebler
This letter dated February 19, 1948, from R.J. Doebler to Senator William Langer explains that Indians who came to Minot during the war for employment are now out of work following the war. Doebler asks for clarification from Langer if these Indians have gained residence in Ward County or if they are eligible to return to their respective reservations. Most of the Indians, says Doebler, come from Fort Berthold and the Turtle Mountain Agency. A few Indians are getting sick, Doebler continues, and do not want to return home to receive treatment as they are not receiving adequate treatment at their reservations. Doebler surmises that the doctor at the Turtle Mountain Agency should be investigated because, although the Indians are eligible for medical care on reservations, they do not want to receive care there. Ward County is unable to take care “of all these Indians,” concludes Doebler, without being reimbursed by either the Federal or local government.
See also:
Letter from Senator Langer to R.J. Doebler Regarding Medical Care for Indians of the Fort Berthold and Turtle Mountain Reservations, February 25, 1948
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Telegram from Lillian Endom to Senator Langer Regarding Settlement and Reclaimed Lands, May 23, 1948
Lillian Endom
This telegram dated May 23, 1948, from Lillian Endom to United States (US) Senator William Langer, urges that "North Dakota Indians" be given monetary settlement and free choice of reclaimed lands. Endom also argues that the US Soil Conservation Service improve reclaimed lands' soil. This letter contains shorthand notes at the bottom.
See also:
Telegram from Senator Langer to Lillian Endom Regarding Settlement and Reclaimed Lands, May 24, 1948
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Letter from Gierke to Senator Langer Regarding Fort Berthold Reservation, January 13, 1948
WF Gierke
This letter dated January 13, 1948, from WF Gierke to United States Senator William Langer, Gierke discusses the economic and social conditions of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation. He states that there has not been much trouble on the Reservation and that Langer should contact the Tribes personally for a more authentic report. Gierke also states that taxpayer's money should not be given directly and that instead, the Tribes should be given proper "instruction."
See also:
Letter from Senator Langer to WF Gierke Regarding Fort Berthold Reservation, February 12, 1948
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Letter from George Gillette to Senator Langer Regarding Unauthorized Tribal Representatives, January 9, 1948
George Gillette
This letter dated January 9, 1948, from Chairperson George Gillette to United States Senator William Langer, explains that there is a small group from the Three Affiliated Tribe Reservation who are planning on sending representatives to Washington, D.C. without proper authorization. Gillette notes that anyone from the Reservation appearing at the Washington, D.C. meeting should be asked to present their credentials.
This letter contains handwritten notes.
See also:
Telegram from Senator Langer to George Gillette Regarding Unauthorized Tribal Representatives, January 17, 1948
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Telegram from George Gillette to Senator Langer Regarding Per Capita Payments for Minors, May 6, 1948
George Gillette
This telegram dated May 6, 1948, from Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Council Chairman George Gillette to United States (US) Senator William Langer, urges Langer to request that the "Indian Office" authorize that per capita pay shares for minors under the age eighteen be allocated to heads of families.
This telegram contains shorthand notes at the bottom.
See also: Telegram from Senator Langer to George Gillette Regarding Per Capita Payments for Minors, May 8, 1948