Date of Award

January 2021

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Nursing

First Advisor

Glenda Lindseth

Abstract

Purpose and Background: Several factors have been associated with excess weight gain in adolescents, including loss of sleep. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sleep quality, quantity, latency, and hygiene on appetite, dietary intake, and body mass indices (BMI) of adolescents.

Theoretical Framework: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory guided this study to examine the relationship of adolescents’ sleep effects on their appetite, dietary intake, and BMI.

Specific Aims: 1. To analyze demographics, sleep quality, sleep quantity, sleep latency, and sleep hygiene of adolescents and determine the levels of appetite, dietary intake, and BMI levels of adolescents. 2. To analyze demographics, sleep quality, sleep quantity, sleep latency, and sleep hygiene and determine the relationship to appetite, dietary intake, and BMI levels of adolescents. 3. To determine to what extent demographics, sleep quality, sleep quantity, sleep latency, and sleep hygiene affect appetite, dietary intake, and BMI levels of adolescents.

Sample: Adolescents aged 12-18 years from upper Midwest churches were recruited for enrollment. A sample of 76 participants completed the study. Data collection of sleep was measured for five days and nights.

Method: This study used Fitbits (α = 0.88), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (r = .85) to measure sleep quality, sleep quantity, and sleep latency. BMI levels were assessed; a Visual Analog Scale (α = 0.84) measured adolescents’ appetites. The Block Kids Food Screener (α = .88) measured dietary intake. The Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale (α = .84) measured the adolescent’s sleep hygiene.

Analysis: Sleep quality, quantity, latency, demographics, BMI levels, dietary intake, and appetite levels were reported as frequencies. Correlations and regression analyses were used to determine the effects of sleep quality, quantity, latency, and hygiene on the participants’ appetite, dietary intake, and BMI levels.

Results: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index indicated that 39.5% of participants had poor sleep quality, 75% of participants had inadequate sleep time (7.48 hours). Short sleep latency was found in 73.7% of the participants. The global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was associated with increased appetite (r = .33, p < .01). The participant’s age was associated with increased BMI (r = .37, p < .01). Regression results indicated that sleep quality, quantity, latency, and hygiene were not statistically significant with appetite, dietary intake, or BMI.

Study implications: This study has identified factors for future nursing intervention studies to explore sleep hygiene practices for improvement of overall health.

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