Date of Award

5-2026

Document Type

Scholarly Project

Degree Name

Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT)

Department

Physical Therapy

First Advisor

Brittany Johnson

Keywords

Physical therapists, primary care, direct access, self-perception theory, qualitative research, clinical preparedness, mentorship, healthcare workforce, differential diagnosis

Abstract

Background and Purpose: The growing shortage of primary care providers in the United States has led to increased discussion about expanding the role of physical therapists (PTs) in primary care. Physical therapists have advanced diagnostic and musculoskeletal expertise that helps them succeed in these roles. This study aimed to assess how new graduates perceive their readiness to practice as primary care providers and to identify the education and experiential factors that shape this.

Methods: Using a qualitative research design guided by self-perception theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with three physical therapists who graduated between 2022 and 2024. Participants were asked to reflect on their clinical experiences, understanding of direct access, confidence in differential diagnosis, and triage and referral skills. Interviews were recorded through Zoom, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for themes to identify recurring concepts and patterns related to their perceived preparedness.

Results: Four primary themes emerged: preparedness for a primary care role, understanding and application of direct access, triage and referral skills, and confidence in differential diagnosis. Participants generally rated their readiness between 7 and 8 out of 10, indicating moderate preparedness. Confidence was highest in musculoskeletal and orthopedic care but lower in specialized areas such as vestibular and pelvic health. Mentorship, state practice laws, and clinical exposure were key determinants of new graduate PT’s abilities and competence. Despite limitations like small sample size, findings suggest that academic preparation provides a strong foundation, but clinical and regulatory factors significantly shape confidence and readiness for practice.

Discussion and Conclusions: Newly graduated physical therapists view themselves as moderately prepared for primary care roles, with readiness influenced by the quality of mentorship and clinical experiences. Expanding clinical exposure, ensuring consistent skill development, and advocating for broader direct access could strengthen PT integration into primary care roles. These results support the potential for curriculum reform that could better equip physical therapists to meet the growing demand for primary care providers.

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