Date of Award

December 2024

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Energy Engineering

First Advisor

Olusegun S. Tomomewo

Abstract

Hydrogen, as a low-emission fuel and energy carrier, plays a crucial role in stabilizing renewable energy variability amid global decarbonization efforts. Subsurface storage, uniquely secure against threats such as severe weather, military conflicts, fires, and acts of terrorism, is critical for large-scale hydrogen applications and addressing the intermittency of renewable resources. North Dakota, represents a classic example of a state where reliance on fossil fuels drives significant greenhouse gas emissions. The state also hosts the Bakken Formation, an important hydrocarbon formation where depleted or nearly depleted wells exacerbate environmental challenges through potential fugitive emissions. This study therefore investigates the feasibility of repurposing these wells for large-scale hydrogen storage. A mixed-methodology approach was adopted to evaluate the geological characteristics and storage potential of the Bakken Formation's reservoir facies. Results indicate both potential and significant challenges for hydrogen storage. While storage capacity projections suggest suitability for large-scale applications, poor pore connectivity and potential rock-fluid geochemical interactions raise concerns about retention and storage efficiency. This research concludes that the challenges of hydrogen storage in the Bakken Formation outweigh the benefits. It recommends conducting further studies to understand better the specific impacts and extent of geochemical interactions, as well as developing tailored policy frameworks to address these challenges effectively. Alignment with federal energy transition goals and developing region-specific policies will be critical for advancing hydrogen storage in North Dakota and beyond.

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