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Using State Document Depository Requirements to Acclimate Stakeholders to Open Science Initiatives
Tressa M. Graves
Nov 2024To help internal stakeholders such as researchers and administrators become familiar with open science principles, the Energy & Environmental Research Center Library & Information Services (LIS) group used state and university records management requirements. As a research organization connected to a state university, the EERC must follow state document depository requirements for select publications.
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Field Implementation and Surveillance of Gas Injection Enhanced Oil Recovery in the Bakken
Jin Zhao, Lu Jin, Nicholas A. Azzolina, Xincheng Wan, Steven A. Smith, Nicholas W. Bosshart, and James A. Sorensen
Jun 2024A series of activities were performed in this study to explore real-time visualization, forecasting, and control methods for improved reservoir surveillance during EOR processes.
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Investigating H2S Occurrence in Bakken Oil-Producing Wells Using Sulfur Isotopes in Gas, Water, and Rock Samples
Alexander V. Chakhmakhchev, Marc D. Kurz, T. Austin McRae, Xue Yu, Arash Abarghani, Darren D. Schmidt, Nicholas A. Azzolina, Bethany A. Kurz, and James A. Sorensen
Jun 2024This work investigated multiple mechanisms that can potentially lead to H2S in the oil production stream of Bakken wells, including TSR, BSR, source rock generation, migration from deeper or shallower formations that contain H2S, and geomechanical mechanisms related to reservoir stimulation work.
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Data-Driven Analysis for Causality of Parent–Child Interactions in the Bakken
Kyoung Min, Alexander V. Chakhmakhchev, Xue Yu, Nicholas A. Azzolina, Darren D. Schmidt, Bethany A. Kurz, and James A. Sorensen
Jun 2023This study 1) evaluates the effect of parent–child interaction on productivity by assessing depletion effects and the impact of different completion designs and 2) investigates how refracturing strategies affect parent–child interactions.
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Developing a High-Efficiency Method for Field-Scale Simulation of a Tight and Naturally Fractured Reservoir in the Williston Basin
Xincheng Wan, Lu Jin, Tao (Todd) Jiang, James A. Sorensen, Chenyu Wu, and Ahmed Merzoug
Jun 2023A novel FDO (fracture and DRV optimization) workflow was proposed in this study to better reproduce the production and water injection history of a tight reservoir with natural fractures in the Williston Basin. Compared to most of the published work in this area, the FDO workflow can significantly improve the simulation efficiency for field-scale simulation models considering the presence of a complex natural fracture network.
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Laboratory Simulations of H2S Generation in the Bakken Petroleum System
Alexander V. Chakhmakhchev, Bethany A. Kurz, Timothy O. Nesheim, David J. Miller, Carol B. Grabanski, Saptashati Biswas, Marc D. Kurz, Nicholas A. Azzolina, and James A. Sorensen
Jun 2023This work focuses on quantifying the H2S generation potential of the Madison Group and Bakken Formation source rocks during the maturation process.
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Robust Control Strategy for a High-Power Off-Board EV Charger Connected to Grid-Tied Critical Loads
Majid Mehrasa, Daisy F. Selvaraj, and Hossein Salehfar
Feb 2023One of the main duties of electric vehicles (EVs) is to provide smooth and robust power flow for the grid-tied loads in the vehicle-to-grid application. To this end, this paper proposes a comprehensive control system for a high-power off-board EV charger to appropriately generate/consume power when sudden reference power alteration and disturbance on the DC-link voltage measurement exist.
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Smart Bidirectional Charging for Frequency Support of a Low-Inertia Vehicle-to-Grid System in Presence of Energy Storage Systems
Majid Mehrasa, Hossein Salehfar, Daisy F. Selvaraj, and Sina Ibne Ahmed
Feb 2023This paper focuses on the challenge to develop coordination between an electric vehicle (EV) charger, energy storage system (ESS), and smart charging/discharging strategy in a low-inertia grid-connected vehicle-to-grid system. Two smart bidirectional charging strategies are proposed to control EV and ESS for minimizing the frequency error by considering the EV constraints.
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Fuzzy Logic-Based Charging Strategy for Frequency Control of an Electric Vehicles-Integrated Weak Grid
Majid Mehrasa, Khaled Hajar, Reza Razi, Antoine Labonne, Ahmad Hably, Seddik Bacha, Daisy F. Selvaraj, and Hossein Salehfar
Oct 2022In this paper, a fuzzy logic-based charging strategy is proposed for electric vehicles (EVs) to provide a stable frequency response for a weak grid (WG)-microgrid. Along with the frequency control, another fuzzy charging method is designed for EV to increase the revenue for the EV charging station owner.
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Completion Optimization in the Bakken Petroleum System Using Data Mining
Alexander V. Chakhmakhchev, Nicholas A. Azzolina, Bethany A. Kurz, Xue Yu, Chantsalmaa Dalkhaa, Justin T. Kovacevich, and James A. Sorensen
Jun 2022Therefore, the primary goal of this study was to identify optimal completion practices using publicly available well completion and production information and applying data-mining techniques that could accommodate nonlinear relationships.
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Experimental Evaluation of Enhanced Tight Oil Recovery Performance by Microbubble CO2 and Microbubble Rich Gas in North Dakota Plays
Yang Yu, Christopher J. Beddoe, Xiqiu Xue, Alexander V. Chakhmakhchev, John A. Hamling, Steven A. Smith, and Bethany A. Kurz
Jun 2022This study effort was undertaken to 1) provide a first-of-a-kind evaluation of a microbubble CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique for application in tight unconventional plays, 2) compare the performance of microbubble CO2 injection with continuous-phase CO2 injection for Red River EOR applications in North Dakota, and 3) investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of microbubble EOR by using a rich gas mixture in low-permeability formations to assess microbubble rich gas EOR performance relative to microbubble CO2 EOR performance.
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Investigation of Produced Gas Injection in the Bakken for Enhanced Oil Recovery Considering Well Interference
Lu Jin, Bethany A. Kurz, Mojtaba Ardali, Xincheng Wan, Jin Zhao, Jun He, Steven B. Hawthorne, Aldjia Boualam Djezzar, Yang Yu, and Donald Morris
Jun 2022To better evaluate the feasibility of applying produced gas injection for EOR in the BPS (Bakken petroleum system) under realistic constraints, a series of field data analyses, modeling/simulations, and experimental activities were performed in this study to fulfill the following two objectives: 1. Design a pilot test to evaluate the technical feasibility of increasing oil production through EOR from the Bakken pool utilizing produced gas while accounting for well interference effects. 2. Investigate a variety of HnP strategies to improve gas injection and oil production performance, as well as maximize achievable EOR benefits with a limited volume of gas that is available on-site.
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Refracturing in the Bakken – An Analysis of Data from Across North Dakota
Chantsalmaa Dalkhaa, Nicholas A. Azzolina, Alexander V. Chakhmakhchev, Bethany A. Kurz, James A. Sorensen, Charles D. Gorecki, and John A. Harju
Jun 2022This presentation will summarize work conducted by the Energy & Environmental Research Center, in close coordination with the state of North Dakota and several Williston Basin oil and gas operating companies through a research program called the Bakken Production and Optimization Program (BPOP), and will cover 1) a review of the wells that have been refractured in the North Dakota portion of the Bakken petroleum system (BPS), 2) an evaluation of production performance of the refractured wells, 3) an assessment of refracturing economics, and 4) an assessment of the potential economic impact of a broad refracturing program applied throughout the BPS.
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Statistical Analysis of the Petrophysical Properties of the Bakken Petroleum System
Aimen Laalam, Habib Ouadi, Ahmed Merzoug, Abderraouf Chemmakh, Aldjia Boualam, Sofiane Djezzar, Ilyas Mellal, and Meriem Djoudi
Jun 2022This paper aims to generate permeability-porosity data-driven models for the Bakken formation, representing an unconventional reservoir within the Williston Basin in the US, using 426 core data with a wide range of porosity and permeability.
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PV Hosting Capacity Assessment for Improved Planning of Low-Voltage Distribution Networks
Sina Ibne Ahmed, Hossein Salehfar, and Daisy F. Selvaraj
Nov 2021This study has developed a rural substation feeder model and conducted an iterative photovoltaics (PV) hosting capacity analysis for various load conditions. Multiple hosting capacity constraints have been considered, and their impacts have been evaluated. In addition, PV capacity improvement techniques are discussed. The study’s outcome demonstrates the application of dynamic inverter control settings to mitigate capacity restrictions.
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Completion Design Evolution for Saltwater Disposal Injection Wells in the Bakken Play
Darren D. Schmidt, Jeffrey W. Bader, Ashleigh Day, and Mark Bohrer
Jul 2021Disposal of produced water is a critical component of unconventional oil development. The significant increase in Bakken production over the past decade in concert with the expansion of saltwater disposal wells geographically, places new demands on the storage reservoir. Development has spurred investigations of the reservoir and well performance.
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Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on the Performance of Distribution Grid
Sina Ibne Ahmed, Hossein Salehfar, and Daisy F. Selvaraj
Jun 2021This study has assessed the impacts of Level 1, Level 2, and DC fast charging of electric vehicles (EVs) on distribution feeder by varying the EV penetration level. Both graphical and real-time simulations have been conducted to evaluate the vehicle-charging effect on the distribution system. The outcome of the study demonstrates voltage deviation and distortion on the distribution grid.
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Laboratory Investigation of CO2 Injectivity and Adsorption Potential Within the Bakken Formation
Steven A. Smith, Bethany A. Kurz, James A. Sorensen, Christopher J. Beddoe, Blaise A.F. Mibeck, Alexander Azenkeng, Steven B. Hawthorne, and Charles D. Gorecki
Jul 2019To assess CO2 injectivity and storage potential within the organic-rich shales and middle member of the Bakken Formation, a series of laboratory tests were performed.
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Laboratory Studies of Rich Gas Interactions with Bakken Crude Oil to Support Enhanced Oil Recovery
Steven B. Hawthorne, James A. Sorensen, David J. Miller, Charles D. Gorecki, John A. Harju, and Gordon Pospisil
Jul 2019Lab studies are being conducted to determine the effect of different rich gases on their potential to enhance Bakken crude oil recovery. These include measuring the MMP of Bakken crude oil with different candidate gas injectants and measuring the hydrocarbon composition in the “miscible” phase generated by crude oil/injectant exposures.
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Unconventional Rock Requires Unconventional Analysis: Methods for Characterization
Shane K. Butler, Alexander Azenkeng, Blaise A.F. Mibeck, Bethany A. Kurz, and Kurt E. Eylands
Jul 2019Advanced image analysis techniques were applied to better understand and quantify factors that could affect CO2 storage in the Bakken Formation, with an ultimate goal of improved method development to estimate CO2 storage potential of unconventional reservoirs.
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Field Test of CO2 Injection in a Vertical Middle Bakken Well to Evaluate the Potential for Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO2 Storage
James A. Sorensen, Lawrence J. Pekot, José A. Torres, Lu Jin, Steven B. Hawthorne, Steven A. Smith, Lonny L. Jacobson, and Thomas E. Doll
Jul 2018In 2017, an injection test was conducted in a vertical well completed in the Middle Member of the Bakken Formation. The objectives of the field test were to quantitatively determine the injectivity of an unstimulated Bakken reservoir and the ability of injected CO2 to mobilize oil.
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Multiscale Modeling to Evaluate the Mechanisms Controlling CO2-Based Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO2 Storage in the Bakken Formation
José A. Torres, Lu Jin, Nicholas W. Bosshart, Lawrence J. Pekot, James A. Sorensen, Kyle J. Peterson, Parker W. Anderson, and Steven B. Hawthorne
Jul 2018This work presents the main findings of a research project conducted to integrate well logs and advanced laboratory- based data from Bakken core samples into geocellular and simulation models at multiple scales. The objective of this effort was to improve the accuracy of modeling approaches for predicting potential incremental oil production through carbon dioxide (CO2)-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in unconventional tight oil reservoirs and to evaluate the ability of organic-rich shales to store CO2 and, possibly, produce incremental oil.
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The Influence Organics on Supercritical CO2 Migration in Organic-Rich Shales
Bethany A. Kurz, James A. Sorensen, Steven B. Hawthorne, Steven A. Smith, Hamed Sanei, Omid Ardakani, Joel Walls, Lu Jin, Shane K. Butler, Christopher J. Beddoe, and Blaise A.F. Mibeck
Jul 2018This work describes a series of laboratory-based tests to evaluate the efficacy of CO2 for EOR and to better understand the controlling mechanisms of CO2 permeation in Bakken rock samples.
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Extraction of Oil from the Bakken Shales with Supercritical CO2
Lu Jin, Steven B. Hawthorne, James A. Sorensen, Bethany A. Kurz, Steven A. Smith, Loreal V. Heebink, Nicholas W. Bosshart, José A. Torres, Chantsalmaa Dalkhaa, Charles D. Gorecki, Edward N. Steadman, and John A. Harju
Jul 2017Results from 20 samples showed that supercritical CO2 enables extraction of a considerable portion (15%–65%) of the hydrocarbons from the Bakken shales within 24 hours. The results may be used to improve modeling and forecasting the effects of CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and suggest the possibility for increasing ultimate recovery, and possibly CO2 storage, in some areas of the Bakken Formation.
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CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery Life Cycle Analysis Model (Rev. 2)
Nicholas A. Azzolina, Wesley D. Peck, John A. Hamling, Charles D. Gorecki, Scott C. Ayash, Thomas E. Doll, David V. Nakles, and L. Stephen Melzer
Oct 2016In “How green is my oil?” by Azzolina et al., the authors presented an integrated life-cycle model for CO2-EOR where the CO2 is sourced from a coal-fired power plant. The model was developed entirely in Microsoft Excel® to improve transparency and provide a useful tool for other practitioners. This model is an updated version of the model from the article. The cells have been unlocked so they can be modified.
Azzolina, N.A., Peck, W.D., Hamling, J.A., Gorecki, C.D., Ayash, S.C., Doll, T.E., Nakles, D.V., and Melzer, L.S., 2016, How green is my oil? a detailed look at greenhouse gas accounting for CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) sites: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 51, p. 369–379. DOI: /10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.06.008.
Acknowledgment: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory under Award Number DE-FC26-05NT42592.